It is much less capable than most POSIX shells for example, it did not until relatively recently support an if/then/else construct, and it does not support shell functions or aliases (although there are some workarounds for these limitations). The Windows command prompt runs the default Windows shell, CMD.EXE, which is a derivative of the old MS-DOS command shell, COMMAND.COM. The Git installer will create a shortcut to launch this "private" version of bash, hence "git bash". Git is bundled with a number of POSIX (UNIX/Linux/etc.) utilities in addition to bash in order to avoid "collisions" with similarly named Windows commands, the most common installation option is to install bash in such a way that the other POSIX commands are only available when running bash. It is not the default shell on Windows, although several implementations exist (CygWin, MinGW. Git bash is bash, which is IIRC also the default shell on MacOS.
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